Antigone :: essays research papers

Antigone In the play Antigone, the debate over who is the real tragic hero is and the controversy of Greek ideals in the Antigone continues on to this day. Who is the tragic hero in Antigone? Is it Antigone herself or is it Creon the ruler of Thebes? The belief that Antigone is, is a strong one. Still there are people who think Creon is the tragic hero. Antigone is widely thought as the tragic her. The play is named after her. In addition, she is the antagonist in it. Many people usually associate the antagonist, the good guy as a tragic hero. Look at much television shows, especially cartoons, the good person usually wins. Then there are those who might think Creon was the tragic hero because the gods were against him, and that he truly loved his country. There are five criteria or standards you must meet first in order to be a tragic hero. First, you must be a person of high character or status. The character must not be too overwhelmingly evil or good. Then they must be brought from h appiness to misery. Then brought from happiness to misery. Second, the hero enacts a harmartia, "wrong act." This either may be a flaw in judgment or an error. Third, the hero experiences a perpateia, reversal of fortune. This is the tragic downfall or plot twist in the story. Fourth, the hero recognizes his or her responsibility. Fifth, the story ends with a catastrophe. The catastrophe either may be an emotional event, this even may be a death. The Antigone is widely thought of as the tragic heroine of the play bearing her name. She would seem to fit the part in light of the fact that she dies doing what is right. Antigone buries her brother Polynices, but Creon does not like her doing that one bit. Creon says to Antigone, "Why did you try to bury your brother? I had forbidden it. You heard my edict. It was proclaimed throughout Thebes. You read my edict. It was posted up on the city walls." (Pg. 44) Antigone buries her brother without worrying about what might happen to her. By doing this, she takes into consideration death and other consequences for burying her brother. Antigone follows what she thinks is right according to the gods. She is the supporter of her actions in the burial of Polynices.

Brand Architecture

BMW is one of the most recognized premium car manufacturers in the world. Brand associated with quality, class, exceptional design, outstanding performance and innovation. BMW has a well-structured brand hierarchy where at the corporate brand level BMW pioneered the luxury sports car category by combining distinct style and performance consideration. BMW has a smart positioning with corporate brands and offers a large fleet of models that vary in price, quality and performance.Below is a brief brand- product matrix: Product ModelsEntry level small vehiclesEntry level small sedanLuxury medium SedanSport Coupe & convertiblesTop of the line Luxury4WD & SUV Recreation Outdoor 1 & Mini Series 3 Series 5 Series Z4& 6 Series 7 Series X Series Points of parity are that they are luxury vehicles and points of difference are BMW’s performance features. Clear brand positioning and well-differentiated sub- brands shows in 1, 3, 5, 7 series. These brands cover different segments of the mark et in relation to price, size and quality.New models introduced later to expand the brand portfolio like X3, X5, Z4, M3, and 6 series. The 1 & 3 series models brought new customers into the company’s brand franchise, with the expectation that later these customers will be switching to higher priced models like 5 and 7 series (design to attracts rich and wealthy business people). BMW’s branding approach helps the company to expand coverage throughout different segments and markets, provide brand protection and minimize overlapping.Each of the sub brand names has a well-defined role and positioning, which does not overlay with the other sub brands. Individually each car model offers unique benefits to its client segment. BMW’s brand hierarchy is characterized well in the firm’s strategy by displaying the mutual characteristics of all BMW cars throughout its portfolio, which are linked with luxury, performance, joy of driving and quality. At the same time th ere are very clear distinctive features and uncommon characteristics of each of these sub rands revealing their uniqueness and differentiation. For example, the 3series mid size luxury sedan targets drivers that are aged between 25-34 years of age with â€Å"older body but younger in spirit†. These people see driving as an escape from their normal routine, and they are looking for a sedan that has some performance qualities. On the other hand the 7 series models targets the high-end sophisticated business consumers who desire to demonstrate success.I would like to give an example of brand hierarchy for BMW (from top to bottom): corporate (or company brand) is the brand BMW, umbrella brand would be Mini series, the individual brand would be Mini Cooper, and lastly the modifier will be the Clubman model. Clarity and brand awareness is strongly implemented in BMW’s brand. This helps to improve consumer’s understanding about the product range and also communicate cl early the similarities and differences between the different models. BMW have a high level of awareness on recognition and recall.This maximizes the transfer of equity from the brand to the individual models, which improves trials, and leads to repeat purchases. The image is favorable, strong and relevant. The most common association with BMW brand is performance, style and luxury. BMW’s principle in designing their brand portfolio is to maximize market coverage so that no potential customers are being ignored, but on the other hand minimize brand overlap, so that different models from the portfolio are not competing among themselves to gain the same customer’s support.Each sub-brand has its own distinctive target market and positioning. As a result of BMW’s exceptional brand architecture in the last Global 500 brands for 2012 survey, BMW scores very high. From all car manufacturers worldwide they ranked as the second best car manufacturer brand after Toyota (Br andirectory, 2012). References: Bibliography Brandirectory. (2012). Global-500-2012. Retrieved from brandirectory. com: http://brandirectory. com/league_tables/table/global-500-2012/

The Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2062 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Energy Industry Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? As one of the regulatory body, ADWEA hugely influence the process and operation in most of its subsidiary companies, namely TRANSCO, AMPC (Al Mirfa Power Company), ALDC (Al Ain Distribution Company) and ADDC (Abu Dhabi Distribution Company). ADWEA also holds around 60% stakes in these subsidiary companies, thus making it not only a body of authority, but also an influential organization and main source of power and water production in UAE. It is involved in the processing, distributing and regulating the flow of power and water, and thus helps the nation and its million of households to benefit from their activities directly or indirectly. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority" essay for you Create order (ADWEA, About ADWEA) PART 1 ADWEA HR Department and its Objectives The ADWEA HR Department is structured within the Planning and Development Directorate. The Planning and Development Directorate of ADWEA as we can understand plays a significant role in the overall process of the organization, especially when it comes to HRM. The Directorate is wholly an objective based division to complete it four main undertakings, namely HR process and its undertaking, besides the implementation and monitoring of HRM policies. Apart from that ADWEA Planning and Development Directorate also undertaken within its chamber the process of organization and development of corporate business objectives and most importantly the consolidation of business plans so that business objective of the organization is reached without any hiccups. (ADWEA, ADWEA Organizational Structure) It is to the knowledge of everyone that UAE and in particular Abu Dhabi is restructuring itself as a leader in structural reforms. That is why we see events and phenomenon such as Emiratizatio n programs, which is a social undertaking of the government of UAE. When it comes to the ADWEA also, the phenomenon is very much at play. That is to say, the structural reform or simply, restructuring of the organizational makeup is very much at play within the organization. It is also important to note that the ADWEA organizational structure is hierarchal system. (ADWEA, ADWEA Organizational Structure) Thus, building up on these points we can reason that ADWEA HR Department is an undertaking with a vision to streamline the process and operation of the organization in the most feasible ways. It is in other word an organizational structural department that is crucial for the organization and its growth. It would be prudent also to highlight the current organizational chart. Below is the glimpse of the same. Fig, ADWEA Organizational Structure This is very likely to be the organizational chart of ADWEA. There is no doubt in that regard, given that organization is wholly under the jurisdiction and control of stakeholder, who own 60% stakes in the company. Being a public organization, the role that Planning and Development Directorate, ADWEA Business Support Directorate, as well as the Privatization Directorate and Project Directorate, they all play significant role in the organization. Theory in Context of ADWEA HR Department As we can analyze from available information, it is believed that ADWEA structure of the department itself is crucial towards its production and operational management. From our understanding of the theory it is believed that production, planning and control is understood as the science of management that is directed towards the organization, material, facilities and resources towards the attainment of the specified goals in the most efficient ways. (Arora, 2004, p. 442) From this point and its arguments, we can derive that such a mechanism also is very much present in ADWEA. For instance, ADWEA restructuring organizational structure is projected in such a way that the organization, its facilities as well as its resources is employed effectively for goals achievements of the company. As we can see, the structure of the ADWEA is divided into four departmental bodies, which undertake the operation of the organization is the most feasible ways. (ADWEA, ADWEA Organizational Structur e) Hence, the structure of the organization very much can be looked in context of production and operation management and its theoretical point of view that is related to Production, planning and control mechanism. Moreover, ADWEA organizational structure is feasible, since it ensure that communication and overall coordination between departmental bodies is free flowing. Take for example the case of Planning and Development Directorate of ADWEA. The core operational process in it is to maintain its four areas of responsibility, namely management and its development, business planning, organizational performance, digital system and its control and finally quality control mechanism. When it comes to Business Support directorate, its main role is within the area of HRM, Administration and Supply. As far as the privatization Directorate goes, its activities are mainly in the areas of ADWEA policies. And finally ADWEA Project Directorate is hugely engrossed with execution of project, its control and implementation. (ADWEA, ADWEA Organizational Structure) Thus, span of control as well as communication and management style are structurally built to enhance the objective of the organization in the most feasible ways. ADWEA Internal and External Factors ADWEA internal and external factor are controlled under the board of directors. In recent time, ADWEA was in the news for all the good reason when it comes to its internal and external factor. As can be read in the media report available with Trade Arabia, it highlights that ADWEA will bring to light its strategy that is objectively defined in context of sustainable business in the power and watery sector in UAE. As we are aware, ADWEA is wholly committed to its objective towards developing a sustainable and long-term objective in the power and watery sector for the benefits of its customers. For that reason, social programs, environmental causes and economic factors are the balancing mechanism of ADWEA that also influence its business. Moreover, the organization partnership with corporate in the power and electricity sector in UAE is to enhance their business and reach out to the public and its key message. Being a global pioneer is no mean task, but what is important is that visi on should be shared for the benefit of its customer, and the society, feels company spoke-person. (TradeArabia, 2010 ) The Need to Consider Future Internal and External Factor When emphasizing to the above analysis and ADWEA message there is a clear point that company objective is a measure undertaken for the benefit of the society, its consumers and most importantly the visionary outlook for business sustainability. Hence, in that regard, the message of the organization which goes as If we are to truly become a global pioneer, we must share our vision and gain support from our stakeholders (TradeArabia, 2010 ) is clear and precise. Hence, ADWEA HR Department should to take a good approach towards Emiratization Program. Emiratization program is a HR core process. Initiative in that regard also should be to factor upon new training culture within and recruit reliable incumbent. (ADWEA, ADWEA Academy) There are many challenges. However, the presence of ADWEA Academy and its association with training schools such as Henley Business School UK, Cranfield University Engineering School UK, University of Waterloo Canada and Hult International Business Sch ool UK are a good thing to factor upon the core HR needs of ADWEA towards it internal and external factor. PART 2 ADWEA HR Department: Restructuring Needs Analysis Restructuring need analysis can be done in many ways. As a matter of fact, information gathered from the internal and external business environment and its analysis helps organization foster strategic plans to the development of business, its implementation and functional strategies. (DePamphilis, 2009 , p. 137) Restructuring needs analysis is long-term. Restructuring needs analysis and its models can classify into Project Management Participate Management A Political Perspective. (Price, 2007 , p. 279) These models are commonly practiced in most organization. Additionally, ADRM (Applied Data Resource Management) is felt to be the most advanced, as it allows to generate industry specific model for businesses. (BÃÆ'†¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡aÃÆ'†¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼ewicz, 2003, p. 422) Fig, ADRM Model Source: (kristen-bell.net) We feel that ADRM model is best suited to ADWEA. The reason for that is simple since the application of ADRM allows generating industry specific models, wherein Syncsort helps speed up warehouse data and Variety can be applied in data cleaning and mining. (BÃÆ'†¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡aÃÆ'†¦Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼ewicz, 2003, p. 422) Recommendations: ADRM Model for ADWEA ADRM model as shown above and considering the case of ADWEA we can see that the establishment of the ADWEA academy in 2009 was a measure of strategic importance for the company that hugely depends on human resource. Hence, ADRM model can be feasible to restructure change in the right order strategically, as the following adjusted organizational chart reflects. Fig, Adjusted Organizational Chart The application of ADRM allows generating industry specific models. The above adjusted chart also can be generated through the application of ADRM model in the case of ADWEA. The fundamentals of ADRM model are unique. The benefit of it is not only for HR department that is being considered as an independent unit, but also for strategic business outlook. ADWEA structure is divided into four Directorates. Hence, the applications of ADRM model can simple restructure it into 5 Directorate as specified in the above organizational chart and its restructure. Justification: ADRM Model and its benefits ADWEA Academy was established so that training, development, educational as well as strategic and tactical goals can be harnessed within the company. (ADWEA, ADWEA Academy) Hence, ADRM model can be feasible as well for HRM process that is decentralized. Structuring process of ADWEA academy and HRM needs of the company also can be organized when it matter to the following Reporting, Job Analysis Workflow Performance Management HR Gaps in Context of ADRM Model Human resource gap in ADWEA can be looked in context of knowledge workers. There is no need for creation of new job as far as restructuring an independent HR department in the company, since HR process is carried out in the Business Support Directorate as stated before. Hence, resource and professional from Business Support Directorate can be organized in teams to meet the very purpose of ADWEA HR Department. In that way resource in the company also be channelized effectively and used also productively for the objective and goals achievements. PART 3 ADWEA Organizational Makeup ADWEA organization structure is hierarchal to be precise. It is headed by the board chairman, H. H. Sheikh Diab Bin Zayed Al Nahyan. The role of the chairman is that he does not report to the board. (ADWEA, Sustainability Report 2009 , 2009, p. 23) Besides, his activities are also limited as far as business and day to day process goes. Thus the role of chairman should be changed, and CEO Job should be opened within the company. Chairman can act as advisor for that matter. It is felt that CEO role within the company can be effective for many reasons and to leverage effective managerial leadership in all aspects of business. CEOs and his Role One position for opening in ADWEA case is that for a CEO as we have recommended. As we can understand, CEOs collaborate with board of the company. CEOs role also is strategically focused. CEO helps also in charting an annual operational plan or correlating with annual budgeting. Leadership and its development also very much is the focus of CEOs. Monitoring organizational strategic outlook for financial stability is also the role and responsibility of CEO. CEO role within the organization can further enhance management team and management board to be more objective when it comes to Decision making, Financial management, Strategic HRM (ADWEA, Sustainability Report 2009 , 2009) Conclusion and Recommendation Since its inception, ADWEA has proved itself to be a capable organization with solid foundation of the organizational makeup and its culture. It main business activities are in the areas of water and power sector in UAE. The study in context of ADWEA and its restructuring mechanism with its concentration in HRM presents a favorable point for the company to benefit on the long term. As we can understand human resource is the backbone of any corporation. The same case also can be looked in context of ADWEA. Our study also shows that HRM and its process overall under the departmental Directorate of Business Support Directorate of ADWEA is a measure undertaken to enhance affectivity level of the organization. Thus, it is recommended that ADWEA restructuring should also give emphasis towards:- Job Analysis within the management team and board of management. Enhancing leadership programs for sustainable measure. CSR that is in tune with the demand of the current business e nvironment, so that ADWEA brand image is projected on a global platform.

Obesity And Obesity Related Diseases Essay - 1706 Words

Childhood obesity has become staggering in the United States. Children are considered obese if they have thirty percent amount of body fat or more and is measured by body mass index (BMI). Body mass index conveys the correlation of body weight to height. If a child’s BMI is at or exceeding over the 95th percentile, meaning if their body mass index is greater than 95% of other children that are the same sex and age, they are obese. Doctor Jeffrey Levi, an executive director of the Trust for America’s Health Organization and an advocate of the public health system, has declared along with his associates that childhood obesity rates have tripled since the year of 1980 (8). This committee oversees health issues like obesity and obesity-related diseases. In the year of 1991, children were 10-15% obese nationally, whereas today more than 25% of adolescents ages two to nineteen are considered obese. In our nation, there are many potential causes that contribute to obesity. A c hild’s socio-economic status, physical position, and eating habits shape the obesity stratum. Genetics have very limited impact, but behavioral and environmental factors augment the chances of a child reaching obesity. According to the Center of Disease Control, â€Å"the portion of children aged 6–11 years in the United States who were obese increased from 7% in 1980 to nearly 18% in 2012†¦the percentage of adolescents aged 12–19 years who were obese increased from 5% to nearly 21% over the same period.†Show MoreRelatedObesity And Obesity Related Diseases896 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is primarily measured in body mass index or BMI, a BMI over 30 is considered obese. Until recently, there has been a steady rise of the obesity prevalence over the last three decades. The American taxpayers and the medical community face a huge challenge with regards to the 34.9% of adults and 16.9% of children who struggle with obesity (Ogden, Carroll, Kit, Flegal , 2014). Even with the prevalence of obesity remaining flat, morbid obesity, a BMI of over 40 has increased by two to threeRead MoreObesity And Obesity Related Diseases Essay1843 Words   |  8 Pagesbeautiful and horrible way. There is an obesity epidemic in America that is coming from unhealthy eating habits and the absence of exercising. Also the obesity related diseases like diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and high blood pressure are a huge problem in and of itself. Portion sizes have gotten so much larger and there is a high increase of high fructose corn syrup that has been one of the main causes of this rapid growth in obesity and obesity related diseases. Now children are beginning to overeatRead MoreObesity And Obesity Related Diseases1342 Words   |  6 Pagesgood-quality home cooking. Obesity and obesity related diseases have increased significantly in the U.S. since the mid 1970s. Over the same time, the number of fast food restaurants have more than doubled, placing fast food within close proximities to schools, work and home. A diet filled with fast food is strongly linked to weight gain, and insulin resistance, suggests obesity researcher and neurobiologist Stephan Guyenet Ph. D, an indicator sign that fast food increases the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetesRead MoreEssay on Obesity and Heart Related Disease in America1014 Words   |  5 Pagesis heart related diseases. Many of these heart related diseases are caused by obesity. Obesity is â€Å"the condition of being grossly fat or overweight.† It is not just being thick boned, or even hereditary. Obesity has become a growing epidemic around the world! A very colossal problem here in the untied states of America; What is sad is that it is a disease one has caused due to their own choice of life style. Obesity has caused great dilemma in America. It was known as an adult disease. â€Å"Over twoRead MoreObesity and Diet Related Chronic Diseases Essay3241 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction The increase in the worldwide obesity and diet related chronic diseases over the previous several decades warrants the need of approaches to combat these disorders. Poor dietary practices, high energy intake, high intake of fat, saturated fat and cholesterol along with low intake of fiber and low physical activity are the major risk factors for these disorders. In order to overcome these problems, the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) of 1990 requires all packaged foods toRead MoreObesity as a Disease Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract As a health care professional it is our position statement that obesity should be considered as a disease. Overweight and obese adults are considered at risk for developing diseases such as type II diabetes, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and certain type of cancers. An average of 300,000 deaths is associated with obesity and the total economic cost of obesity in U.S. was about $ 117 billion in 2000. As health care professionals it is our responsibility toRead MoreHuman Related Obesity1090 Words   |  4 PagesIs obesity a disease or a human related cause? Researchers have studied this question for years and have come to a variety of different conclusions. Some believe that obesity is a disease and can only be prevented by medications, while others believe that obesity is a human related cause and can be only prevented by a healthy diet and exercise. The American Medical Association (AMA) recently announced that obesity is officially a disease. Dr. Pat rice Harris, a member of the American Medical AssociationRead MoreCauses Of Obesity756 Words   |  4 Pagesspending on most important disease categories, can be used to gain understanding into recent trends, for example, how spending has altered since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), and some of the important forces behind these trends. The main purpose of the health system is to improve health through the treatment and prevention of disease and wounds. Investigators can know why health spending has grown across each disease type, for example, cancers and circulatory diseases, and see whether developmentRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Is Disturbing The Financial And Social Stability Of The United States1481 Words   |  6 PagesAn Obesity epidemic is disturbing the financial and social stability of the United States. As stated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services â€Å"our modern environment has allowed these conditions to increase at alarming rates and become highly pressing health problems for our nationâ€Å"(U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). Efforts made by authority figures have been enforced to solve this severe crisis. Obesity has become a concerning problem in the United States. This epidemic isRead MoreEffects Of The Fast Food Industry On Canadians1263 Words   |  6 Pagesspecifically, the raise of obesity in Canada due to the wide availability of fast foods. This topic is covered by providing a background about obesity, examining the health consequences, the economic impact, and looking at the social impact and the psychosocial impact on individuals diagnosed as obese. The paper was researched by reading about the subject matter in peer-reviewed journals and grey literature. The search terms used were the following search terms: ‘obesity definition’; ‘obesity Canada’; ‘health

Frog Extinctions as Indicators of Environmental Problems...

Tiny or large, smelly or poisonous, there are many kinds of frogs and are excellent indicators of the quality of the overall environment. To this day, scientists continue to find new varieties of frogs never been discovered all over the world. Recently, tiny frogs [its scientific name is Eleutherodactylus Iberia, smaller than a U.S. dime, were discovered under old leaves in Cuba in 1996 (â€Å"The World’s Smallest Frog†). See-through glass frogs were discovered in the Upper Nangaritza Basin in southeastern Ecuador which had previously been known to live only in one area of northeastern Peru (Ugly Salamander Among New Species Found in Ecuador†). An individual may think finding new frogs is a good indication that there are many of them in†¦show more content†¦Their larvae [tadpoles] have gills [to allow them to breathe in water] and develop in water. Many tadpoles are eaten by fish, birds or other frogs and they eat algae or tiny organisms in water. Large f rogs eat insects, mice, bugs, and worms. In size, they range from 10mm [0.39in] such as the Eleutherodactylus Iberia of Cuba to 300mm [12in] such as the Conraua goliath of Cameroon (â€Å"Frog†). In the spring, male frogs and toads move to watery breeding sites and start calling to attract females and in some cases to warn other males to keep away from their territories (â€Å"Frogs†). Frogs’ distribution ranges from the tropic to subarctic regions, but most are found in tropical rainforests except Antarctica. They are found in almost every habitation that provides access to water. The world consists of more than 5 200 species of frogs and some still are not yet found (Tyler, Wassersug, and Smith). Some of the countries with the most frog species include Brazil, Colombia, India, Cameroon, Madagascar, among others (â€Å"Frogs†). In the U.S. we have 90 frog and toad species. However, until recently, whether one lived in a city, a rural, or anywhere in the world, chances were high that an individual was not far away from seeing a frog or other amphibians such as toads, salamanders, and caecilian. What has changed? In the U.S., the reduction of frogs and other amphibians is serious in California, the Rocky Mountains, the Southwest, and Puerto Rico. Other continents such as Australia,Show MoreRelatedShould We Save Endangered Species?1740 Words   |  7 Pagesprotect and preserve endangered animals? The reasons for saving endangered species might seem obvious to many people, but many question why we should save a species from dying out. Isn t this part of the process of natural selection? Is there any environmental benefit to preserving a dying species? For some it s a question with an obvious answer, for others... it requires some thought. What benefit is there to saving an endangered species from dying out? This article outlines some of the argumentsRead MoreAnimal Extinction2994 Words   |  12 PagesAnimal Extinction - the greate st threat to mankind In the final stages of dehydration the body shrinks, robbing youth from the young as the skin puckers, eyes recede into orbits, and the tongue swells and cracks. Brain cells shrivel and muscles seize. The kidneys shut down. Blood volume drops, triggering hypovolemic shock, with its attendant respiratory and cardiac failures. These combined assaults disrupt the chemical and electrical pathways of the body until all systems cascade toward death. Read MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 PagesError! Bookmark not defined. Unemployment and Social Investments in America: Short Term Jam, Long Term Stew ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Boiling Billions of Frogs................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. iii The New S P – What a New Pope Can do for SustainabilityError! Bookmark not defined. Capitalism: It’s What We Got ................................Read MoreThe Sustainable Century By Design Or Disaster9705 Words   |  39 PagesError! Bookmark not defined. Unemployment and Social Investments in America: Short Term Jam, Long Term Stew ........................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. Boiling Billions of Frogs................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. iii The New S P – What a New Pope Can do for SustainabilityError! Bookmark not defined. Capitalism: It’s What We Got ................................Read MoreLas 432 Research Paper: Gmos20901 Words   |  84 Pagesnew levels with scientists in a controlled scientific environment. This innovative technology is not without its legal, political and social issues, all of which will be discussed in depth. Among other things, this report also addresses the environmental, economic and psychological impact that Genetically Modified Organisms and the science of them have on the world. Media influences and the cultural perspective is also addresses within this report. The topics of ethics and morality are often includedRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages153 159 165 167 169 169 170 174 182 188 192 202 214 215 221 223 223 230 236 241 246 248 250 251 255 261 4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with the industry and market breakpointsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONALRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesContext and Real Data Statistics is not about numbers; it is about data—numbers in context. It is the context that makes a problem meaningful and something worth considering. For example, exercises that ask students to compute the mean of 10 numbers or to construct a dotplot or boxplot of 20 numbers without context are arithmetic and graphing exercises. They become statistics problems only when a context gives them meaning and allows for interpretation. While this makes for a text that may appear â€Å"wordy†

Economics Oligopoly Free Essays

Main economic features of an Oligopoly and key economic theories of price fixing. This part of the coursework aims to identify and explain the main economic features of an Oligopoly and also the key economic theories which influence the price of a product or service. This part deals with the theoretical aspects of Oligopoly and the later part emphasizes on the practical applications of the theories and oligopoly features. We will write a custom essay sample on Economics Oligopoly or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Pass et al (2000), â€Å"Oligopoly, a type of market structure is characterised by a few firms and many buyers, where the bulk of market supply is in the control of relatively few large firms who in turn sell to many small buyers†. To describe the degree of oligopoly, concentration ratio is often utilized. Concentration ratio is the measure of the market share of the largest four firms in the industry expressed as a percentage. A low concentration ratio suggests a high level of competition and vice versa for. As there are few players dominating the industry, each player or an oligopolist is said or likely to be aware of others course of actions. The decision taken by one player seems to affect the decision taken by others and strategic planning by the firms needs to take into account the likely response of other participants (Wikipedia, 2010). For example, a proper game of chess depends on how well you read your opponent’s moves, similarly in oligopoly; strategies are devised based on the moves of competing market firms. The reason for existence oligopoly as stated by Maunder et al (1991) is for the achievement of economies of scale. Firms tend to reduce their average cost of production by increasing their scale of operation and since the small firms have higher average costs, they tend to go out of business or be absorbed by the larger ones. The features of oligopoly are:- a. Number of Firms:-The very important feature of an oligopoly is the number of firms. Even though there are a large number of firms operating in a particular industry, only a handful of firms hold the major share between them. . Interdependence: – A very distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. When a very few large firms operate in a particular industry, their activities or strategy cannot be independent of each other. Unlike monopoly, where the monopolist need not worry about the reaction of its rivals as there are none, an oligopolist takes into consideration the possible reactions of all rival firms. For example, a company considering a price reduction of its products may wish to estimate the chances of price reduction by the rival company and hence starting a price war. . Profit Maximization Condition: – The firms in an oligopoly generally agree to co-operate and act as one monopolist as it generates high profits (Begg and Ward 2007). This kind of formal collusive agreement is called a cartel. An oligopoly maximises profits where the marginal revenue equals the marginal cost. This is also known as profit maximization condition. Price ELASTIC UNIT ELASTIC P MC, AC PROFIT MAXIMIZING OUTPUT O MR Quantity (Source: Begg and Ward 2007) d. Perfect Knowledge: – Oligopolists are said to have a perfect knowledge about their cost and demand functions but a lesser information about other firms (Wikipedia, 2010). e. Entry Barrier: – One of the main important features of oligopoly also is the entry barrier. There are high entry barriers that restrain a new firm from entering a market. For example, the barriers can be the economies of scale, access to expensive and complex technology, lower costs for an established firm, brand loyalty, patented production process and strategic action by incumbent firms etc. The table below gives the market concentration in different industries. As discussed earlier, the large few firms form a cartel and set a price. Once the members of the cartel agree on the price, they compete against each other using non price competition in order to gain the maximum revenue. There are other various ways in which the firms fix the price. One of them being tacit collusion, where the firms agree on a price set by an established leader. This is also known as dominant firm price leadership as the price setting firm is the dominant firm in the industry. The other way is the barometric firm price leadership, where the price leader is the one whose prices reflect the market conditions in the most stable form (Sloman et al, 2010). To fix prices, the producers must be able to control the market supply. The other forms of price fixing in tacit collusion is average cost pricing, where producers add a certain percentage of profit on top of average costs and price benchmarking, where firms raise the price only up to a benchmark already set. Price fixing is achieved by the competing firms coming together on a platform where they can agree on a common pricing and production strategy thus acting in a manner in which a monopoly operates. This kind of collusion is known as cartelisation. Cartels although banned in many countries, is difficult for the enforcement agencies to gather evidence and penalise the participants. The quantity for the cartel and the individual firm will not be the same as one firm individually will have the scope for further increase in productivity to achieve a situation where the marginal cost equals the marginal revenue. In such cases firms may decide to go ahead with excess supply which can lead to a price war and inconsistent revenues to the industry. Even without overt collusion firms in an oligopoly are able to reach a point of profit maximisation when they behave in a manner reflected in â€Å"Nash Equilibrium† (Begg and Ward 2007). 2B) Direct to Home (DTH) television industry in India acting as an oligopoly. India has a total television population of about 135 million of which about 108 million have an access to cable and satellite television (Plugged in, 2010). The total DTH sub base at the end of first quarter in the year 2010 was 23 million (Dish TV India Ltd, 2010) which was about just 1 million in the year 2006. Indian DTH industry has seen a flurry of activities in the recent years after a monopolistic reign by Dish TV for a couple of years. It is currently in a state of Oligopoly with the top four operators controlling nearly 80% of the total market. The major players in the market are Dish TV by Zee group, TataSky- a joint venture by Tata and Star TV, Big TV by Anil Dhirubhai Ambani Group, Digital TV by Bharati Telemedia and SUN Direct from Sun TV. Since there are only 3 major players in the DTH market, Indian DTH industry is an oligopoly. (Indiadth, 2010) The product offering by the rival firms are more or less similar in nature with little or no product differentiation. Amongst all the players, Sun Direct has essentially remained a regional operator who made a late debut in the national scene. The content or the channels are same with all the operators barring few omissions and additions. The DTH industry market share is as follows. BRAND| MARKET SHARE| Dish TV| 30%| TataSky| 22%| Sun Direct| 25%| Big Tv| 13%| Airtel| 8%| D2H| 2%| (Source: http://www. pluggd. in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/) From the data above we can see that Dish TV, TataSky and Sun Direct together hold the maximum market share with over 75%. (Source: http://www. slideshare. net/) To confirm the oligopoly, we can use the Herfindahl-Hirschman index or the HHI. It measures the size of the firms in relation to the industry and also indicates the amount of competition between them. Mathematically, (Adapted from Pass et al, 2000) Here Si = market share of firm i in the market and N is the number of firms. Hence H = 302 + 222 + 252 + 132 + 82 + 22 H = 2246. With this value of H we can conclude that this industry is an oligopoly. Although there is no indication of an overt collusion in the industry, a closer look at their price plan (fig 1. 1) can lead us to a strategic or tacit understanding between the players. The market is abuzz with marketing drives to garner market share and the customer is currently loaded with freebies like free installation, free channels and the like. Going by the level of investment and infrastructure the operators need to garner as much subscriber base as possible to be in a profitable proposition. They are however aware of the competition and are refraining from a price war. Such behaviour of the operators is characteristic of a non-price competition in Oligopoly. This is due to the interdependency of firms in the oligopoly and the strategic behaviour can also be referred to the â€Å"Nash Equilibrium† (Begg and Ward 2007). (Source: Slideshare. net/researchonIndia) Brand Name| PricePlan(inINR)/month| Dish TV| 135. 0| TataSky| 150. 00| Sun Direct| 115. 00| Videocon| 136. 00| Fig: 1. 1 (Source: Company websites, 2010) Now as in any oligopoly, it has to be supported by entry barriers, both endogenous and exogenous. The natural barrier of entry in this particular industry is primarily associated with government licensing and also the intensity of capital investment required. Given that all the DTH operators are already estab lished players in related sectors such as telecom, media it gives them a strategic advantage in terms of distribution and content. For any new entrant it could pose as a strategic entry barrier. Indian DTH market has constantly been attracting different players over the years given the increasing number of television subscribers. Although there have been entry barriers, companies like Videocon along with its cutting edge technology entered into the market in the presence of established players. The cutting edge technology proved to be a barrier breaker. Videocon managed to build television sets with set top boxes which helped it develop its own customer base. References Begg, D. , and Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business, 2nd edition. Berkshire: McGraw Hill Publication. Christopher Pass, Bryan Lowes and Leslie Davies (2000). Economics, 3rd edition. HarperCollins Publishers. DTH, (2010). http://www. pluggd. in/dth-industry-in-india-analysis-297/ [Accessed 21/11/2010] Dish TV, (2010). http://www. dishtv. in/packages. aspx [Accessed 21/11/2010] Indiadth, (2010). http://www. indiadth. in/ [Accessed 22/11/2010] Maunder, P. , Myers, D. , Wall, N. , and Miller, R. L. 1991) Economics Explained, 2nd edition. Collins Educational. Sloman, J. , and Hinde, K. (2007). Economics for business, 4th edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Sun Direct, (2010). http://www. sundirect. com/packages. php [Accessed 22/11/2010] Tata Sky, (2010). http://www. tatasky. com/channel-packages. html [Accessed 22/11/2010] Videocon, (2010). http://www. videocond2h. com/wsc/packages. html [Accessed 22/11/2010] Wikipedia, (2010). Oligopoly. http://en. wikipedia. org/wi ki/Oligopoly [Accessed 21/11/2010)] How to cite Economics Oligopoly, Papers

Slavery is The South Essay Example For Students

Slavery is The South Essay Slavery played a dominating and critical role in much of Southern life. In thestruggle for control in America, slavery was the Souths stronghold and the hidden motivebehind many political actions and economic statistics. By dominating Southern life, slaveryalso dominated the economic and political aspects of life in the South from 1840 to 1860. By the 1840s and 50s the Southern economy had almost completely become slave and cash crop agriculture based. Without slaves in the south a person was left eitherlandless and penniless or struggling to get by on a small farm. However, even thoughslaves dominated the southern economy, slaveholders only included about 2 to 3 percentof the population. This small percentage was the amount of people successful in a slavebased, cash crop agricultural, Southern economy. Therefore, the Southern economy wascontrolled and dominated by those who did and did not have slaves. Furthermore, with thehigh demand for Southern items in Europe and Northern America more slaves wereneeded in the South to produce these cash crops. Without slaves there would be nocotton, tobacco, or sugar production and without these integral items the Southerneconomy would absolutely fail. The South depended on slaves to fuel their economy andtherefore slavery dominated their economy. Between 1840 and 1860 many political i ssues, debates, and actions were inflamedby slavery. As America grew, the South wanted more slave states and the North wantedmore free states to increase their hold in politics. One important act that fueled the slaverydominated political world of 1840 to 1860 was the Kansas and Nebraska act written byStephen Douglas. This act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820 and called forpopular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska which under the Missouri Compromise hadbeen free. The Missouri Compromise was originally an act to settle disputes about freestates and slave states entering the Union. To repeal this was to almost beg for revolution;hence Bleeding Kansas which included the John Brown riots and caused politicaluproar. The Kansas and Nebraska act was a disruptive and shortsighted solution to acomplicated and commanding political issue. The Compromise of 1850 was another weaksolution to the dominating problem of run-away slaves and the issue of slavery in newterritories. This Compro mise created stronger fugitive slave laws which satisfied Southernslave catchers and enraged Northern abolitionists. The compromise also made California afree state, the Mexican Cession subject to popular sovereignty, and dictated that therewould be no slave trade in Washington D.C., but it would remain a slave state. All of thesethings under the Compromise and the reaction they caused led to slavery becoming aneven more dominating issue in 1850 America. Another significant political issue was theDred Scott decision. Dred Scott was a slave who had been taken into a free territory byhis owner. A Free-Soiler then convinced Scott to sue his master for his freedom. In1857, Supreme Court Justice Robert Taney declared that Dred Scott was property and nota citizen, and property can not sue. Taney went even further in his decision to declare theMissouri Compromise unconstitutional and rule slavery could not be forbidden anywhere. Many Northerners, Abolitionists, and Free-Soilers were infuriated by this decision. From1820 to 1860 slavery was a hot topic in Congress and the House of Representatives. Ina way, it even caused the Civil War and in the end was perceived as the main reason forfighting it. All political issues during this time could not be discussed without the topic ofslavery behind it. Slavery dominated all political issues. .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb , .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .postImageUrl , .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb , .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb:hover , .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb:visited , .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb:active { border:0!important; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb:active , .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52fe27c2857d1495d8b58164e230aacb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Multicultural EssayA Georgia editor in 1860 commented; Negro Slavery is the South, and the Southis Negro Slavery, an absolutely true statement. Slavery lead and dominated the Southseconomy and political actions. Nothing was ever handled in the South without slaverybeing a part of it. Through good times and bad, slavery was the dominating reality of allBibliography: