The Riddle Inside The Dark Tower III The Waste Lands

The Riddle Inside The Dark Tower III The Waste Lands This is a guest post from James Renner. Renner is the author of the novel, The Man from Primrose Lane, and the new nonfiction thriller, True Crime Addict. Follow him on Twitter @JamesRenner. I was thirteen years old when The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands was published, in 1991, about the same age as Jake Chambers, my favorite character from those stories. It was all I wanted for Christmas that year. I remember finding the softback edition on an endcap in the Waldenbooks at Westgate Mall near Cleveland. I felt feverish as I flipped through the pages to get a look at all of Ned Dameron’s wonderful illustrations of Mid-World: the giant bear with the satellite dish on its head, the giant monster house, Jake finding the rose… I had no idea what any of these paintings meant but they pulled at me like a great magnet. That mall is gone, now. Waldenbooks is no more. And somewhere along the way I lost that book. But I haven’t stopped thinking about one little piece of it. You see, there’s a riddle hidden inside with an answer that Stephen King has never owned up to. This is going to be a little inside-baseball for anyone who isn’t a die-hard Dark Tower fan. This also reveals a level of study I’m not entirely comfortable admitting to. In my defense, I was a kid and I had not yet discovered girls and there wasn’t a lot to do out in the boonies where I grew up. Also, the next book in the Dark Tower series, Wizard and Glass, didn’t come out until 1997, so I had six years to re-read and pick apart The Waste Lands while I twiddled my thumbs. The book begins with our hero gunslinger, Roland Deschain leading two apprentices â€" expatriates of our world, Eddie and Susannah Dean â€" across the strange dystopian realm of Mid-World. Along the way, they stop to pluck young Jake Chambers out of Manhattan via a magic door while Susannah has sex with an invisible demon â€" seriously, why haven’t you read this book yet? Now a family, a full “Ka-tet,” the four wanderers and their loyal billy-bumbler, Oy, hoof it to the dead metropolis of Lud where a train waits to take them thousands of miles closer to their ultimate destination, the nexus of time and space itself, the Dark Tower! The train is actually a monorail. A pink monorail named Blaine. Blaine is a pain. He’s a sentient computer program that has gone crazy from boredom. And he plans to commit suicide with Roland and company inside his cabin. Unless, that is, they play a game of riddles. Sort of like Gollum and Bilbo under the Lonely Mountain. If they can stump Blaine, he’ll let them live. The book ends on a cliffhanger as Roland, Eddie, Susannah, and Jake begin to pose riddles. The Waste Lands is all about riddles. They appear throughout the entire novel. When we first reconnect with Jake, he’s hearing riddles in his head. He writes them down in an essay for English class. When is a door not a door? When it’s a jar. What has four wheels and flies? A garbage truck. Later, Roland tells his friends about the tradition of the Fair Day Riddling contests from his childhood. Fair Day was the only time when common folk could enter the Hall of the Grandfathers in Gilead, the intellectual center of Mid-World. Anyone could write a new riddle on a scroll and put it in a barrel in the hall. Whoever guessed the most riddles correctly won the largest goose in the land. Roland then gives an example of a “good” riddle: What’s dressed when night falls and undressed when day breaks? A fire. Eddie, always the joker, comes back with his own: Why did the dead baby cross the road? Because it was stapled to the chicken. I cannot adequately explain how funny that one was to a thirteen-year-old boy such as myself. Riddles, riddles, everywhere. But the thing I always got stuck on was Blaine, himself. Why the hell was Blaine pink? We learn that there were actually two monorails that served the citizens of Lud before their civilization collapsed â€" one was pink and one was blue. But when Roland’s group arrives, the blue monorail lays in a heap in the river. Eddie and Susannah discover that the blue one was called Patricia, leading Eddie to comment: “They got their colors wrong, though. It’s supposed to be pink for girls and blue for boys.” It’s important to note that Blaine has a split personality of some kind. As Eddie and Susannah try to talk their way onto the monorail, Blaine’s booming voice is interrupted by another, described as sounding like “a frightened child.” It calls itself Little Blaine, “The one he forgot. The one he thinks he left behind in the rooms of ruin and the halls of the dead.” And when they finally enter Blaine, it’s the other voice that welcomes them, almost automatically: “’Welcome to Blaine,’ a soothing voice said as they pelted aboard. They all recognized that voice; it was a slightly louder, slightly more confident version of Little Blaine.” Once aboard, King spends ample time writing about Patricia, which seems like an odd aside for a detail that doesn’t drive the plot at all. Blaine explains how the blue monorail ended up in the river. “Patricia went mad… in her case the problem involved equipment malfunction as well as spiritual malaise.” He describes how an electrical fire caused “logic-fault” problems which made her personality software begin to go crazy. It threatened to spread to the computers that also controlled him, so he isolated her programming, cutting her off from the central processor. Then she committed suicide by driving off her track and crashing into the riverbank. When I read this as a kid, my first thought was that Blaine was lying. We were warned early on in the book that Blaine “couldn’t be trusted” after all. The only mono we know has a suicidal streak is Blaine, himself. He’s going to kill himself and all of the gunslingers if they can’t stump him with a riddle, after all. We only know Patricia from the story Blaine tells. So we have this odd, disjointed story from an unreliable narrator, a split personality, and the wrong color for gender. As a storyteller, those are logic problems. Unless… Unless Blaine was the blue mono and Patricia was the pink one. What if, after Blaine started acting crazy and Patricia tried to block him out of the main server, he uploaded his software into the pink monorail? It would explain Little Blaine very well â€" that’s Patricia (a woman’s voice could easily be mistaken for a child’s if one never has a face to go with it). And isn’t it just the sort of thing Blaine would do? There is only one unanswered riddle in The Waste Lands: when Eddie asks why Blaine is pink and not blue. I’ve always thought this was the answer. When I shared this theory on an obscure subReddit, another fan pointed out one final bit of supporting evidence. Stephen King has a fetish for finding the perfect names for his characters. He gives it a lot of thought. And here we have the story of Blaine. The BLue trAINE. Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy.

Adolescent Cognitive Development For Parents - 1496 Words

Adolescent Cognitive Development for Parents to Consider Adolescence is a transitional time for youth, and parents as well, the brain is developing, making new neural connections, allowing the teen to think in new ways. It is also a time on emotional storm, with hormones surging, and identity forming, the teen, and parents can find themselves in a state of frustration. Fiore (2011) States â€Å"Adolescence is a complex process of growth and change† (p.191). This is also a time of vulnerability; As with any developing organism, damage can happen, and change the intended outcome. If all goes well the final result will be a normal, healthy adult ready to live and independent, and, or interdependent prosperous life. The adolescent brain is still underdeveloped, but in a process of rapid growth. One aspect to consider is the frontal lobe development, as Anderson (2015) notes â€Å"The frontal lobe is the CEO of the brain, determining most aspects of learning, moral intelligence, abstract reasoning, judgement and strategizing, †¦adolescents do not have the same ability to reason and make decisions as young adults† (p.193). This is why young teens need much guidance, and mentoring. Parents, in order to maintain a good relationship with their teen, will need to have understanding, and patience, with an awareness of being in the role of shaping their teen into a responsible adult. According to Fiore (2011) the ages from eleven and beyond are in Piaget’s â€Å"formal operational stage† and as suchShow MoreRelatedSports As A Tool For Development Of Social Character Development1309 Words   |  6 PagesOver seventy percent of adolescents play sports (Uzoma, 2015). 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He described this because children at this age sexual and aggressive urges are repressed (Stages of Growth Development, 1898-1987). This paper will also discuss the changes from middle childhood to adolescence, the affects of parents and peers and the affects they have on developing childrenRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesTeen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, Reid, Plax DrakeRead MoreLearning Styles And Sociocultural Influences On Child And Adolescent Development1641 Words   |  7 Pagesessay will describe child and adolescent behaviours reported in the media and will examine the link to development theories, learning styles and sociocultural influences on child and adolescent development. As a developing secondary school preserve teacher, my focus will be mainly on adolescent behaviours and development. I will be examining an article from a media how these developmental theories analyses and helps us to understand the behaviour of child and adolescents. I will also try to explainRead MoreAdolescence Is The Most Important Stages Of Human Development1282 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many stages that take part during human development; adolescence is one of the most important stages because it is the period that follows humans’ development from child to adult. According to Clause (2013), adolescence is broken up into biological, cognitive, and emotional stages. These aspects of adolescence are individually important because, it defines one’s personality and character as an individual and, it affects their future. Most people do not realize how big of an impact adolescence

The Troubled Relationship Between Gertrude and Hamlet

The Troubled Relationship Between Gertrude and Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Claudius murders his brother, the King of Denmark, and subsequently usurps the Danish throne. Shattering the purity of the royal family, he allures Queen Gertrude into an incestuous wedding so hastily that â€Å"The funeral baked meats / Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables† (I.ii.180-1). Lost in this sullied household is Prince Hamlet, shrouded in the black of mourning, who condemns his mother’s quick, lustful willingness to marry his uncle. Hamlet’s abject tears melt into vengeance, however, when the ghost of his father orders him to â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder† (I.v.25). He complicates his command to the Prince by admonishing him to†¦show more content†¦Bradley’s point, however, that â€Å"[Gertrude] loved to be happy, like a sheep in the sun† ignores her active involvement in the court espionage and her struggle with guilt near the end of the play. On the other hand, some examine her through the words of her fellow characters. Marvin Rosenberg, compared with Bradley’s critique, presents a largely different view of the queen: But many who listen to what Claudius, old Hamlet, and his son say of Gertrude discern quite another queen – a woman of some power, described by such adjectives: cunning, deceptive, sensual, erotic, loving, shrewd, urbane, hard, conscienceless, lustful, sexy, the epitome of falseness, corrupted (71). Within this spectrum of analyses, Gertrude remains a complicated, enigmatic character; yet, at her core, she is the focus of love for three formidable men: old Hamlet, his son, and Claudius. Using the queen’s dialogue to decipher her complex connection and interactions with Hamlet, however, is challenging because she tends to eschew revealing oratory in favor of terse statements. Una Ellis-Fermor correctly argues: â€Å"In Gertrude’s speech there are remarkably few images, and those generally colorless and drawn almost entirely from commonplace themes† (89). For example, in II.ii she interrupts Polonius’s exaggerated discourse, saturated with rhetorical flourishes such as antanaclasis and antistrophe (â€Å"... cause of this effect - /Show MoreRelatedClaudius Character Analysis858 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, one of the most popular plays ever written. Claudius causes a war between passion and responsibility when he murders the father of Hamlet, the main character, and then marries Hamlets mother Gertrude. Claudius killed Hamlets father and then married Gertrude only so he could take the crown and become King. 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Arithmetic Mean and Life Satisfaction Free Essays

PART A: i) Male: Female: The mean value of life satisfaction for male is about 7. 7459 while for female is 7. 7101, which proves there is no significant different life satisfaction between male and female, thus gender does not affect life satisfaction a lot. We will write a custom essay sample on Arithmetic Mean and Life Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now But when it comes to sample variance, for male is 2. 5684 while for female is 3. 0081. From this pair of figures it is obvious that the life satisfaction for female is more flexible than male. Man’s life satisfactions are easy to be affected by other variables. I assume â€Å"GENDER† does not affect life satisfaction. ii) Not alone: Alone: The mean value of satisfaction for those who is not alone is about 7. 8055 meanwhile the figure for those who live alone is 7. 32584. There is a big gap between these two data, which implies that â€Å"ALONE† have a significant impact on people life satisfaction. Additionally, sample variance for alone is much higher than for not alone, which implies other variables affect people who live alone severely and affect people not alone a little. I assume â€Å"ALONE† affects â€Å"LIFESAT† vitally, since people feel happier when they are accompanied by others but for those who are alone are easy to feel lonely and sad. iii) Income 1: Income 6: The average life satisfaction for people with income level 1 is 7. 4426 while for people with income level 6 is 8. 2069, which means people with high income are more satisfy with their life than those with low income. Furthermore, the sample variance for income 1 is 4. 37941 while for level 6 is only 0. 74138, which tells that people with relatively high income enjoys a relatively stable high life satisfaction. Personally, I reckon that people with high income are happier than those with low income, as they are more capable to purchase what they like which makes people satisfy with their lives. PART B: i) Y=7. 746-0. 036X (gender) For gender, the ? 2 is -0. 036 which means gender has negative relationship with satisfaction. And 0 represents male while 1 means female. Thus when other factors are the same, life satisfaction of female is slightly less than man. The result is not exactly what I have supposed. My prior assumption is ? 2 should be zero in this circumstance. ii) Y=7. 360+0. 008X (age) From this function, age has a positive linear relationship with life satisfaction. As people grow old, they tend to be more satisfied with their life. ?2 is a little bit different from what I expected, as I suppose ? 2 should be a bigger positive number than it is. I reckon that as people grow old they might be easy to feel satisfied about life. For young people they are more likely to be ambitious and do not feel enough about what they have. iii) Y=7. 805-0. 480X (alone) Alone has a negative relationship with life satisfaction, it means people who are alone have less life satisfaction than those accompanied by others. The result is in accordance with what I expected. iv) Y=7. 300+0. 174X (income) ?2 is 0. 174 which means as income increase by 1 unit life satisfaction will go up by 0. 174. The more people earned the more satisfied they feel about their life. The result is correspondent with what I expected. PART C: Estimated sample regression function: Yhat=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 PART D: i) Y=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 =6. 4981-0. 0094*0-0. 0005*50+0. 0497*0+0. 0170*26-0. 3975*1+0. 1986*3 =7. 1134 ii) Y=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 =6. 4981-0. 0094*0-0. 0005*50+0. 0497*0+0. 0170*35-0. 3975*0+0. 1986*3 =7. 6639 PART E: Setting religion as another independent variable, â€Å"0† represents no religion and â€Å"1† means having religion. In my opinion, when other variables remains stable people with religion compared with people without religion are more satisfied with their lives, since people with religion have spiritual sustenance. Hours spend on sleep every week can also be set as another independent variable (0? X? 168). I suppose that people who spent more time on sleep will be happier than those got less time on sleep. PART F: Coefficients as calculated in part c: Yhat=6. 4981-0. 0094X1-0. 0005X2+0. 0497X3+0. 0170X4-0. 3975X5+0. 1986X6 SSE=(Y-YHAT)^2 One example for made up coefficients: As I change the portfolio of coefficient, the new sum of squared residuals ever lower than the original SSE. The coefficients we got by applying the OLS model contributes to the most minor sum of squared residuals. PART G: i) H0: ? 1=0 H1: ? 1? 0 Test statistic: T= (6. 49806173672354-0)/ 0. 199293520416749= 32. 6054842281637 With ? =0. 1. From the t table, value of t with 10% level of significance and (n-7=1660-7=1653) d. f. , the critical value of t is |tc|=1. 645 With ? =0. 05. |tc|=1. 960 With ? =0. 01. |tc|=2. 576 |t|=32. 605| tc| Reject H0 at 10%, 5%, and 1% level of significant. Therefore ? 1 is significant different from 0 at all these three level. ii) H0: ? 2=0 H1: ? 2? 0 Test statistic: T=(-0. 0094153888009149-0)/ 0. 00475949120927804= -1. 97823430844052 |t|=|-1. 97823430844052|=1. 97823430844052 |t0. 95, 1653||t0. 975, 1653||t||t0. 95, 1653| Hence, the null hypothesis is not rejected at 1% level of significant, but rejects H0 at 10% and 5%. Therefore, ? 2 is significant different from 0 at 10% and 5% level of significant but not significant from 0 at 1%. iii)H0: ? 3=0 H1: ? 3? 0 Test statistic: T=(-0. 000506153379257048-0)/ 0. 00221826267938831= -0. 228175582612525 |t|=|-0. 228175582612525|= 0. 228175582612525|tc| Hence, the null hypothesis is not rejected at 10%, 5% and 1%. Therefore, ? is not significant different from 0 at 10%, 5% and 1% level of significant. iv) H0: ? 4=0 H1: ? 4? 0 Test statistic: T= (0. 0497380181150213-0)/ 0. 0837473787178692= 0. 593905372042513 |t|=0. 593905372042513|tc| Hence, the null hypothesis is not rejected at 10%, 5% and 1%. Therefore, ? 3 is not significant different from 0 at 10%, 5% and 1% level of significant. v) H0: ? 5=0 H1: ? 5? 0 Test statistic: T=( 0. 0169731847843023-0)/ 0. 00290570472445049= 5. 84133158523606 |t|=5. 84133158523606|tc| Hence, reject H0 at 10%, 5%, 1% level of significant. Therefore ? 1 is significant different from 0 at all these 3 level. i) H0: ? 6=0 H1: ? 6? 0 Test statistic: T= (-0. 397496187094307-0)/ 0. 11752515791858= -3. 38222210575277 |t|=|-3. 38222210575277|=3. 38222210575277| tc| Reject H0 at 10%, 5%, and 1% level of significant. Therefore ? 1 is significant different from 0 at all these three level. vii) H0: ? 6=0 H1: ? 6? 0 Test statistic: T= (0. 198587308642208-0)/ 0. 0338574782046911= 5. 86538983918457 |t|=5. 86538983918457| tc| Reject H0 at 10%, 5%, and 1% level of significant. Therefore ? 1 is significant different from 0 at all these three level. viii) Overall significance of the model: H0: ? 2=? =? 4=? 5=? 6=? 7=0 H1: at least one of the ? ’s non zero. Test statistic: F= [(4616. 46927710844-4396. 45885074034)/6]/ [4396. 45885074034/ (1660-7)] =13. 786748499694 6 95th percentile for the F-distribution, F. 05, 6, 1653=2. 10 99th percentile for the F-distribution, F. 01, 6, 1653=2. 80 Since F=13. 7867484996946 Fc therefore we reject the Null hypothesis. Hence, all the six variables together have significant effect on sales. In other words, the set of explanatory variables in the model can significantly explain the dependent variable (life satisfaction). How to cite Arithmetic Mean and Life Satisfaction, Essay examples

University Change Me in 3 Ways free essay sample

If i could have repeated my life, would it be different when something occurring before is substituted for another event? Probably, many trivial things that did nothing to my values and weltanschauung, which would be forgotten at once or a few days later wouldn’t work. Studying in the university, however, deeply changed my life in 3 principal ways that cultivate me to be better man To start with, study in university conveyed to me the methods and value of learning. As most people perceive, the curriculum of university teach us more about the means of learning and the meanings of learning rather than the limited knowledge taught in the class. The methods of learning vary from different people and different major, but the basic method concerns self-studying, which provide me with more specialized knowledge than that supplied in class. When I got used to learn by myself, spontaneously, I comprehended the meaning of learning that a student can sense what he or she should learn more and at a deeper level. We will write a custom essay sample on University Change Me in 3 Ways or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For another thing, numerous students leave home to live in a remote area where they have never been before for the first time. Therefore, enrolling in the university taught me to lead a much more independent life than ever before. Lots of â€Å"first-time† issues popped up since I embarked on my daily life of study in university including getting up without being called up by parents, studying in library with self-discipline while others were playing computer games, putting up with awful habits and behavior of roommates, falling asleep in clamorous circumstances and so forth, which add to better characters of me. What’s more, during my junior year, my university offered me a good chance to study abroad as an exchange student at Inha university of Korea. The trip is extraordinary indeed that expanded my outlook, trained my communicating skills, and moreover, improved my ability to handle precipitating incidents. Last, but certainly not the least concerns that university education made engaged me in the progressive pursuit of my future career. What distinct me from a technique-deep worker perhaps concerns how i value holistic education. I became sort of conceited for such a period of time in my major, but when I step higher, I see further. Becoming more competent is a gateway to survive in reality, which seems not enough. Conversely, it is the room for my constant professional growth and career advancement that gain me the sense of fulfillment. The deeper I dove into my major, the more ignorant I found myself to be. â€Å"Stay foolish, stay hungry† is what should be borne in mind life-long. To conclude, the university study unraveling the mystery of surviving the professional fields and achieving accomplishments made me all prepared for the further study and work hereafter, far from being an amateur, which absolutely changed my notion, values and life.

100 Awfully Good Examples of Oxymorons

100 Awfully Good Examples of Oxymorons An oxymoron  is a figure of speech, usually one or two words in which  seemingly  contradictory terms appear side by side. This contradiction is also known as a  paradox. Writers and poets have used it for centuries as a literary device to describe lifes inherent conflicts and incongruities. In speech, oxymorons can lend a sense of humor, irony, or sarcasm. Using Oxymorons The word oxymoron is itself oxymoronic, which is to say contradictory. The word is derived from two ancient Greek words oxys, which means sharp, and moronos, which means dull or stupid. Take this sentence, for example: This was a minor crisis and the only choice was to drop the product line. There are two oxymorons in this sentence: minor crisis and only choice. If youre learning English as a second language, you might be confused by these figures of speech. Read literally, they contradict themselves.  A crisis is defined as a time of serious difficulty or importance. By that measure, no crisis is unimportant or minor. Similarly, choice implies more than one option, which is contradicted by only, which implies the opposite. But once you become fluent in English, its easy to recognize such oxymorons for the figures of speech that they are. As the textbook author Richard Watson Todd said, The true beauty of oxymorons is that, unless we sit back and really think, we happily accept them as normal  English. Oxymorons have been used since the days of the ancient Greek poets, and William Shakespeare sprinkled them throughout his plays, poems, and sonnets. Oxymorons also feature in modern comedy and politics. The conservative political writer William Buckley, for instance, became famous for quotes like an intelligent liberal is an oxymoron. 100 Examples of Oxymorons Like other kinds of figurative language, oxymorons (or oxymora) are often found in literature. As shown by this list of 100 awfully good examples, oxymorons are also part of our everyday speech. Youll find common figures of speech, plus references to works of classic and pop culture. absent presence (from Astrophil and Stella by Sir Philip Sidney)alone togetherawful goodbeggarly riches (from Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions by John Donne)bittersweetbrisk vacancy (from Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror by John Ashbery)cheerful pessimistcivil warclearly misunderstoodcomfortable misery (from One Door Away From Heaven by Dean Koontz)conspicuous absencecool passioncrash landingcruel kindnessdarkness visible (from Paradise Lost by John Milton)deafening silencedeceptively honestdefinite maybedeliberate speeddevout atheistdull roareloquent silenceeven oddsexact estimateextinct lifefalsely true (from Lancelot and Elaine by Lord Tennyson)festive tranquilityfound missingfreezer burnfriendly takeovergenuine imitationgood griefgrowing smallerguest hosthistorical presenthumane slaughtericy hotidiot savantill healthimpossible solutionintense apathyjoyful sadnessjumbo shrimplarger halflascivious grace (from Sonnet 40 by William Shakespeare)lead balloonliquid marble (from Poetast er by Ben Jonson) living deadliving endliving sacrificesloosely sealedloud whisperloyal oppositionmagic realismmelancholy merriment (from Don Juan by Lord Byron)militant pacifistminor miraclenegative growthnegative incomeold newsone-man bandonly choiceopenly deceptiveopen secretoriginal copyoverbearingly modestpaper tableclothpaper towelpeaceful conquestplastic glassesplastic silverwarepoor healthpretty uglyproperly ridiculousrandom orderrecorded liveresident aliensad smilesame differencescalding coolness (from For Whom the Bell Tolls by Ernest Hemingway)seriously funnyshrewd dumbnesssilent screamsmall crowdsoft rockThe Sound of Silence (song by Paul Simon)static flowsteel woolstudent teachersweet sorrow (from Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare)terribly goodtheoretical experiencetransparent night (from When Lilacs Last in the Door-yard Bloom’d by Walt Whitman)true fictionTrue Lies (movie directed by James Cameron)unbiased opinionunconscious awarenessupward fallwise foolworking vacation 1:15 5 Common Figures of Speech Explained

Profile of Pope Clement VI

Profile of Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI is an important figure in Medieval History. Key Facts Pope Clement VI was also known as Pierre Roger (his birth  name). Accomplishments Sponsoring a naval crusading expedition, buying land for the papacy in Avignon, patronizing arts and learning,  and defending the Jews when pogroms flared up during the  Black Death. Occupation: Pope Place of Residence and Influence: France Important Dates: Born:  c.  1291Elected pope: May 7, 1342Consecrated: May 19, 1342Died:  1352 About Pope Clement VI Pierre Roger  was born in Corrà ¨ze, Aquitaine, France, and entered a monastery when he was still a child. He studied in Paris and became a professor there, where he was introduced to Pope John XXII. From then on his career took off; he was made  abbot of Benedictine monasteries at Fà ©camp and La Chaise-Dieu before he became archbishop of Sens and Rouen and then a cardinal. As Pope, Clement  was strongly pro-French. This would cause difficulties when attempting to broker peace between France and England, who were at that time engaged in the decades-long conflict that would come to be known as the Hundred Years War. Unsurprisingly, his efforts saw little success.   Clement was  the fourth pope to reside in Avignon, and the continued existence of the Avignon Papacy did nothing to lessen the problems that the papacy  had with Italy. Noble Italian families disputed the papacys claim to the territory, and Clement sent his nephew,  Astorge de Durfort, to settle matters in the Papal States. Though Astorge would not be successful, his use of German mercenaries to aid him would set a precedent in papal military matters that would last another hundred years. Meanwhile, the Avignon Papacy persisted. Not  only did Clement turn down an opportunity to return the papacy to Rome, but he also purchased Avignon from Joanna of Naples, whom he absolved of her husbands murder. Pope Clement  chose to stay in Avignon during the  Black Death and  survived the worst of the plague, though a third of his cardinals died. His survival may have been due, in large part, to his doctors advice to sit between two huge fires, even in the heat of summer. Though it wasnt the doctors intent,  the heat was so extreme that plague-bearing fleas couldnt get near him. He also offered  protection to the Jews when many were persecuted under suspicion of starting the pestilence. Clement  saw some success in crusading, sponsoring a naval expedition that took control of Smyrna, which was given to the Knights of St. John, and ended its pirate raids in the Mediterranean. Spurning the idea of clerical poverty, Clement  opposed extremist organizations like the Franciscan Spirituals, who advocated absolute rejection of all material comforts, and became  a patron of artists and scholars. To that end, he enlarged  the papal palace and  made it a sophisticated center of culture. Clement was a generous host and a magnanimous  sponsor, but his lavish spending would deplete the funds his predecessor, Benedict XII, had so carefully amassed, and he turned to taxation to rebuild the papacys treasury. This would sow the seeds of further discontent with the Avignon Papacy. Clement died in 1352 after a short illness. He was interred as per his wishes at the abbey at  La Chaise-Dieu, where 300 years later Huguenots would desecrate  his grave and burn his remains. More Pope Clement VI Resources Pope Clement VI in Print Clement VI: The Pontificate and Ideas of an Avignon Pope (Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series) by Diana Wood Pope Clement VI on the Web Pope Clement VI, Substantial biography by N. A. Weber at the Catholic Encyclopedia.